Cold-Start Modeling and On-Line Optimal Control of the Three-Way Catalyst

Abstract We present a three-way catalyst (TWC) cold-start model, calibrate the model based on experimental data from multiple operating points, and use to generate Pareto-optimalcold-start controller suitable for implementation in standard engine control unit hardware. The TWC is an extension of previously presented physics-based that predicts carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxides tailpipe emissions. axially radially resolves temperatures monolith using very few state variables, thus allowing with control-policy optimal methods. In this paper, we extend allow variable axial discretization lengths, include heat reaction hydrogen gas generated combustion engine, reformulate parameters be expressed conventional units. experimentally measured temperature emission evolution cold-starts ten different load which was subsequently used tune (e.g. chemical rates, specific heats, thermal resistances). simulated cumulative modeling error found typically − 20% + 80% have constructed performance Pareto-optimal balances fuel efficiency emissions each individual species. A benchmark strategy shows potential reducing